Iran and Nuclear Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Iran and Nuclear Power - Essay Example Though the stockpiling of such weapons has been justified by many countries, notably the U.S., as being a deterrent for war, the dangers associated with the use of nuclear weaponry has been loudly trumpeted by politicians, scientists, scholars and the majority of the world’s citizens alike. In addition to the previously mentioned five countries considered ‘nuclear weapons states,’ and those that have tested or are suspected of possessing nuclear weapons, other countries including the Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus and South Africa have had nuclear capability but have since disarmed. Other countries including Argentina, Brazil, Iraq, Algeria and Libya have pursued a nuclear program in the past. Israel will confirm of deny that they have nuclear weapons capabilities (Reuters, 2005) The latest countries to pursue nuclear weapons capability is North Korea and Iran. Though North Korea signed the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty in 1985, it pulled out of the treaty in 2003. In October of 2006, North Korea announced it had successfully tested a nuclear weapon at an underground site near the country’s east coast. This sent political and diplomatic shockwaves around the world though the test itself was deemed rather unspectacular. Iran announced in April of la st year that it had the ability to enrich uranium which is an essential phase in the making of a nuclear weapon. However, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has steadfastly claimed that Iran only plans to use nuclear technology for peaceful purposes and intends to continue enrichment on a much larger scale. Following this announcement, the UN Security Council has put forth a resolution which, in effect, insists that Iran must immediately discontinue any and all enrichment activities (â€Å"The Nuclear Club†, 2006). Some suggest that Iran is not escalating the fanatical rhetoric or aggressive actions because it has

Distance To Galaxy Using Supernova Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Distance To Galaxy Using Supernova - Essay Example Type Ia supernova have proven to be excellent distance indicators when well treated. Although they have virtues that are linked to standard candle, they are not standard candle. Combined with the high luminosity of objects which make them detectable out of redshift near 1, they can be used to measure cosmological distances and provide determination of acceleration of the universe. The assumption that is made is that supernova expands in a spherical symmetric manner. It is unlikely that supernova Ia will provide genuine and detailed results of the peculiar velocity field just because it rarely occurred. The astronomers realized that it was possible to measure apparent magnitude of supernova knowing what its absolute magnitude was. The measured distance was to be used to calculate the distance modulus. 1 square CCD array was used in taking the sample images for later analysis. The images were used to measure properties of the supernova (SN) host galaxies, such as total stellar mass, star formation rate or host galaxy redshift. Finally the apparent brightness and luminosity were combined with the aim of finding distance .During every check-up for the supernova, the value for flux and epoch of the i band maximum,f1 and tpeak was estimated .The flux value of f g, fr and fz for the same epoch was estimated The SNLS result that was released for the first time consisted of photometry and red shift of 40 supernova 1.The result were having griz light curves with photometry covering the epoch of the maximum flux in the i band. The coefficients ci was derived using 20 SNe Ia and later confirmed by another 20SNe Ia.The bias corrected mean and standard deviation of ci computed using the jack-knife technique and the result provided as given below The results obtained for the values of (Zphot -Zspec)/( Zphot +Zspec ) was plotted against the values of Z spec on a graph . This was done for 20 SN Ia and 40 SN Ia. The above calculated value fro